地表水地下水耦合模型在大型山丘平原交错区的研发与应用     

孙青言  陆垂裕  郭辉  严聆嘉  张博 《地理科学进展》2021,40(8):1371-1385

大型山丘平原交错区复杂的自然地理和人类活动特征增加了水文循环研究和水资源评价、管理的难度,地表水地下水耦合模型作为流域/区域水文循环模拟的重要工具,为解决这类大型区域诸多水文水资源问题提供了便利。针对目前地表水地下水耦合模型难以兼顾精度和效率的问题,论文提出了一种新型半松散耦合机制,将三维有限差分地下水流数值模型嵌入半分布式水文模型MODCYCLE,摒弃了目前流行的水文响应单元(HRU)与地下水网格单元空间和信息转换方式,通过建立子流域—网格单元的空间关联和地表水文—地下水流之间的实时信息交互,实现大型山丘平原交错区的地表水地下水耦合模拟。在三江平原构建了模型并开展应用研究。校验评估显示,模型达到了良好的模拟效果,具备了水文循环现状模拟和预测未来的能力。最后,利用该模型输出分析了三江平原2002—2014年的地表水地下水转化关系。结果表明,降水量和农业灌溉量的增加导致全区域土壤水蓄量年均增加6.51亿m³,但却使地表水和地下水储量分别减少0.99亿m³/a和3.03亿m³/a,降水量的增加并没有通过产流和入渗补给改善因用水急剧增加引起的地表水、地下水衰减的趋势;不同分区的降水入渗补给系数和基流指数差异显著,是多种自然和人为因素综合作用的结果。相关成果可为类似地区水文循环研究和水资源评价工作提供参考。  相似文献   

基于主客观比较视角的乡村人居环境建设适配性评价——以江汉平原公安县为例     

颜梅艳  余斌  郭新伟  卓蓉蓉 《地理科学进展》2021,40(11):1876-1887

乡村人居环境是农户日常生产生活据以展开的设施及条件,基于主客观比较视角的乡村人居环境适配性评价是践行“以人民为中心”的发展思想和统筹推进乡村振兴的客观要求。论文立足江汉平原公安县乡村抽样调查和访谈数据,以乡村生活空间可及性解析环境供给水平,以居民生活条件满意度解译农户需求意愿,以乡村人居环境适配性解构供需差异,据此提出乡村人居环境优化方向及路径。结果显示：2017年案例区乡村生活空间可及性聚集分布最大值为44.75%,隶属“中类”,以就业空间与休闲空间可及性最为薄弱;乡村居民生活条件满意度聚集分布最大值为0.467,隶属“中类”,其中农村自然环境与经济运行环境的满意度评价最低。主观需求与客观供给适配性在县域尺度和农户个体尺度均呈“中—中”类型适配模式,但在不同尺度的不同维度表现出差异性。研究结果可为案例地区及相似地域乡村人居环境建设与乡村振兴提供科学依据。  相似文献   

基于PPT战略的广东省乐昌市生态旅游扶贫模式探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何继红  孙冰  施招婉  罗水兴  王旭  陈雷  熊鹰  林军  裴男才 《热带地理》2021,41(3):645-655

以贫困人口受益为出发点,基于有利于贫困人口发展的旅游（Pro-Poor Tourism, PPT）战略,以广东省乐昌市为例,开展适用于中国南方林区生态旅游扶贫开发的发展模式和旅游扶贫产业的发展路径研究。结果表明：1）政府部门、旅游企业、乡村社区和非营利社会组织都应在提升贫困人口参与度、减轻贫困和生态保护方面承担责任,具体为：政府部门应主导搭建平台和监管落实,旅游企业合理利用生态资源,乡村社区和非营利社会组织相互支持并协助以推进拟定的旅游扶贫发展模式;2）针对乐昌市“生态林木、高山名茶、特色蔬果”等3种特有生态资源,提出以“茶、林、蔬果”三大特色农林资源为抓手的生态旅游发展方式,并提炼出三条适用于乐昌市的产业发展路径,具体为：“休闲农业+特色林果产业+旅游电商产业”“林下休闲业+林下经济产业+林产品初加工”和“森林生态旅游+特色林业种植+自然生态教育”。基于PPT战略,旅游扶贫开发需协调好政府部门、旅游企业、乡村社区和非营利社会组织的关系,只有这四大参与主体共同兼顾生态旅游扶贫开发中的经济、社会和环境效益,才能最终实现PPT战略的经济发展、贫困社区发展、贫困人口与生态可持续发展这三大层次目标。  相似文献   

体育场馆产业虚拟集群的构建     

曾建明  况明亮  许柯  刘辉  刘碧云 《热带地理》2021,41(4):822-833

基于互联网技术在产业领域全面渗透的发展形势,部分学者提出“网络空间邻近性将取代地理空间邻近性”的论断,而另一部分研究结论坚持认为网络信息技术与平台是线下产业转型升级的“催化剂”,同时提出线下实体产业自身及其关联产业之间的地理要素对线上虚拟平台的构建与发展具有重要意义。据此,文章从地理空间的视角,试图阐释体育场馆虚拟集群构建的地理学研究基础和关注重点,分析体育场馆地理聚集效应无法形成的原因,总结归纳产业虚拟集群具有促进产业聚集形态、提高规模经济效益、建立分工协作关系、带动合作与竞争氛围、形成柔性化创新模式等作用,提出构建虚拟集群是未来体育场馆产业发展的重要形式之一。目前,中国体育场馆产业虚拟集群是横向各成员间合作与竞争的利益价值链,纵向是供需两端线上下产销价值链,共同构成了集群基本的结构体系;根据集群产业的主体规模、地理位置、产权属性和网络化程度等,场馆产业虚拟集群可分为单体型、连锁型、联盟型;而根据场馆产业集群的结构体系和功能特征,其发展过程需历经技术融合、产品改造、结构优化3个升级阶段。最终,建议通过正确认识场馆虚拟集群构建的地理性涵义,持续提升线下场馆服务的核心竞争力,发挥政府的政策支持和牵头结盟作用,建立场馆虚拟集群成员准入监督机制,为虚拟产业集群的创新发展提供理论与实践指导。  相似文献   

旅游地饮食符号经济：地方符号营造与路径依赖     

王玉婷  徐红罡  劳丽芬 《热带地理》2021,41(6):1246-1257

饮食符号是旅游目的地符号系统的重要组成部分,以地方特色饮食为基础的旅游餐饮也是旅游地的重要经济活动。文章以阳朔啤酒鱼为例,分析旅游地饮食符号经济的特点与形成机制。研究发现,1）旅游地饮食符号的形成既是对地方特色的营销与建构,也是特定饮食产品生产与消费集聚的路径依赖结果。2）从饮食生产的角度,就地取材、利润高、制作工艺简单等特点使啤酒鱼餐饮能够大规模、低成本地发展;从饮食消费的角度,啤酒鱼既具有地方特色又能够被大众口味所接受,同时满足游客的符号性和支持性的餐饮体验。3）消费性服务业的集聚能够营造良好的氛围并产生累积吸引力,使得啤酒鱼的营销成本更低、销量更高,从而形成正反馈机制。  相似文献   

Visualization and analysis of local and distant population flows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using crowd-sourced data     

Xu  Jun  Liu  Ju  Xu  Yang  Pei  Tao 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(2):231-244

Human migration between cities is one important aspect of spatial interaction that not only reflects urban attractiveness but also denotes interactions amongst agglomerations.We therefore implemented a web-based visualization system to analyze and interactively explore local and distant population flow patterns between cities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).We utilized 2017 Tencent population flow data from which we initially constructed inbound and outbound vectors for cities on the QTP.We then used multidimensional scaling to examine and visualize migration patterns and similarities between cities.Results reveal the presence of six local and three distant human mobility patterns on the QTP as well as aver-age summer monthly migrations more than twice the level of those in the winter.  相似文献   

Urban planning construction land standard and its revision based on climate and topography in China     

XU Yong  ZHAO Shen  FAN Jie 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(4):603-620

Urban planning construction land standard is the technical specification for scientifically allocating various types of urban construction land, and it is the basis for drawing up and revising the overall urban planning scheme. Considering China's current urban planning construction land standard, many problems exist, such as the gap in the land use control threshold, the lack of regional differences in the climate revision, and failing to consider the topographic factors. To resolve these problems, this study proposed a step-by-step process framework and quantitative calculation method for the establishment and revision of standards in accordance with the principle of Total-Structure control. By setting the conditions, a universal basic standard for construction land was established. Quantitative analysis was then conducted on the relationship between the basic standard and the selected key indicators, such as urban population size, sunshine spacing coefficient, the width of river valleys or inter-montane basins, and terrain slope, among others. Finally, revised standards were formed for climate conditions, topography, and geomorphologic conditions, which were matched with the basic standards. The key results are three-fold:(1) The per capita construction land standard of 95 m~2/person can be used as the total indicator of China's urban planning basic standard, and the corresponding per capita single construction land comprises 32.50% of residential land, 7.42% of public management and public service land, 22.50% of industrial land, 17.50% of transportation facilities, 12.50% of green space, and 7.58% of other land-use types. The results of the revision of the urban population size indicate that the difference in population size has little effect on the total amount of per capita construction land.(2) The climate revision results of per capita residential land and per capita construction land in major cities reveal that the revised climate value varies greatly between north and south China. The revised climate values of the per capita area of construction land vary by latitude as follows: the value at 20°N is 93 m~2/person, the value at 30°N is 97 m~2/person, the value at 40°N is 103 m~2/person, and the value at 50°N is 115 m~2/person. The basic standard land value of 95 m~2/person is generally distributed across the Xiamen-Guilin-Kunming line.(3) The cities located in mountainous areas, hilly valleys, or inter-montane basins can reduce the allocation of community parks and comprehensive parks when the average width of an existing river valley or inter-montane basin is less than 2 km. When the average width of the valley or inter-montane basin is between 2 km to 4 km, the allocation of the comprehensive parks can be reduced. The revised results of per capita sloping construction land reveal that the terrain slope greatly affects the revised value of per capita construction land. Specifically, the revised value at 3° is 3.68% higher than the basic standard value, and the increase rates at 8°, 15°, and 25° are 11.25%, 26.49%, and 68.47%, respectively.  相似文献   

Research progress of TiO2 photocathodic protection to metals in marine environment     

Wang  Xiutong  Xu  Hui  Nan  Youbo  Sun  Xin  Duan  Jizhou  Huang  Yanliang  Hou  Baorong 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(4):1018-1044

Corrosion protection has become an important issue as the amount of infrastructure construction in marine environment increased.Photocathodic protection is a promising method to reduce the corrosion of metals,and titanium dioxide(TiO_2) is the most widely used photoanode.This review summarizes the progress in TiO_2 photo gene rated protection in recent years.Different types of semiconductors,including sulfides,metals,metal oxide s,polymers,and other materials,are used to design and modify TiO_2.The strategy to dramatically improve the efficiency of photoactivity is proposed,and the mechanism is investigated in detail.Characterization methods are also introduced,including morphology testing,light absorption,photoelectrochemistry,and protected metal observation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Ti02 development and guide photocathodic protection.  相似文献   

Magnetic properties indicate the sources of hadal sediments in the Yap Trench,northwest Pacific Ocean     

Chen  Yu  Yang  Jichao  Dada  Olusegun A.  Yang  Yaomin  Lin  Zhen  Cui  Zhen  Xu  Yue  Yu  Hongjun  Liu  Baohua 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(3):665-678

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Magnetic minerals in marine sediments are often masked by the primary natural remanent magnetization and material source signals. In order to understand...  相似文献   

郑州市市区风环境模拟研究     

申鑫杰  赵芮  何瑞珍  王琦  郭煜琛 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(6):1349-1356

城市风环境是城市微气候研究的一个重要方向,对分析城市热岛效应、空气流通等具有重要意义。本文以郑州市市区为例,使用1971—2018年气象观测数据、2018年建筑分布数据（OSM）和2016年资源三号卫星数据作为数据源,通过运用气象学和GIS技术结合的方法,探究潜在通风廊道,科学量化城市形态对风环境的影响。研究首先借助WindNinja软件,对城市背景风环境进行模拟分析,该计算方法提高了风道定位的精度。然后利用卫星遥感数据制作了数字高程模型（DSM）,结合OSM计算下垫面地表粗糙度。进一步借助ArcGIS软件,利用最小成本路径法（LCP）确定城市潜在通风廊道的位置。结果表明：① 郑州市近年来平均风速缓慢下降,平均每10年下降0.26 m/s;全年主导风向东北风进入城市后受城市形态影响在京广铁路线附近以西逐渐转为东北偏东风,其中在京广快速路以东风速较高,在京广快速路以西风速较低;② 金水区西部、中原区、二七区以及管城区的地表粗糙度较高,通风环境较差;金水区东部和惠济区的地表粗糙度较低,通风环境较好;③根据盛行风向模拟的潜在通风廊道,其共同特点是趋向于低粗糙度的地区。  相似文献